Children learn to stay safe around animals by recognising the subtle signs that show when a dog or cat is feeling calm, curious, stressed, or uncomfortable. Understanding these signals helps prevent unsafe interactions and builds empathy and confidence.

• Watch the tail: tucked, stiff, or swishing quickly can signal stress or irritation.

• Check the ears: flattened ears often mean fear or discomfort.

• Notice body posture: a stiff, frozen, or crouched body shows the animal wants space.

• Listen for sounds: growling, hissing, or whining are clear warning cues.

• Look at the eyes: wide eyes, staring, or avoiding eye contact can indicate anxiety.

• Respect withdrawal: if the animal moves away, hides, or turns its head, it needs space.